Pada share kali, saya akan membahas mengenai beberapa macam obat beserta dengan kegunaannya. Postingan ini akan saya update secara berkala karena jumlah obat yang sangat banyak dan tidak dapat mencangkup semuanya jika hanya satu kali postingan.
Berikut adalah list obat-obatan dan bahan yang digunakan untuk memproduksi suatu obat (A-Z). List obat dan bahan obat ini akan saya posting menggunakan 2 bahasa (Inggris dan Indonesia)
- 4-Methylbenzylidene camphor (4-MBC, enzacamene) is an organic camphor derivative that is used in the cosmetic industry for its ability to protect the skin against UV, specifically UV B radiation. As such it is used in sunscreen lotions and other skincare products claiming a SPF value.
- Acesulfame K is 200 times sweeter than sucrose (common sugar), as sweet as aspartame, about 2/3 as sweet as saccharin, and 1/3 as sweet as sucralose. Like saccharin, it has a slightly bitter aftertaste, especially at high concentrations. Kraft Foods has patented the use of sodium ferulate to mask acesulfame's aftertaste.[4] Acesulfame K is often blended with other sweeteners (usually sucralose or aspartame). These blends are reputed to give a more sucrose like taste whereby each sweetener masks the other's aftertaste, and/or exhibits a synergistic effect by which the blend is sweeter than its components.
- Acyclovir is an antiviral drug. It slows the growth and spread of the herpes virus in the body.
- Allopurinol, sold under the brand name Zyloprim and generics, is a medication used primarily to treat excess uric acid in the blood and its complications, including chronic gout.[1] It is a xanthine oxidase inhibitor which is administered orally.
- Allylestrenol (BAN/INN), also known as allyloestrenol and allyl estrenol, is a synthetic progestogen used to prevent threatened miscarriage, recurrent pregnancy loss and premature labor.[1][2] In men, it has also been studied as a treatment for benign prostatic hyperplasia, with encouraging results.
- Alskinova (Kappaphycus alvarezii) merupakan bahan antivirus aktif alami à penghalang virus flu agar tidak dapat berkembang biak dalam sel tubuh à untuk produk Spartan à dikombinasikan dengan Pink Rock Rose (Cistus incanus ext)
- Aluminium Hidroksida à antasida yang bekerja menetralkan asam lambung dan menginaktifkan pepsin, sehingga rasa nyeri lambung akibat iritasi oleh asam lambung dan pepsin berkurang
- Amberlite is the tradename of a range of ion-exchange resins.
- Ambroxol is a secretolytic agent used in the treatment of respiratory diseases associated with viscid or excessive mucus.
- Asam stearat, atau asam oktadekanoat, adalah asam lemak jenuh yang mudah diperoleh dari lemak hewani serta minyak masak. Wujudnya padat pada suhu ruang, dengan rumus kimia CH3(CH2)16COOH. Kata stearat berasal dari bahasa Yunani stear, yang berarti "lemak padat" (Ing. tallow). Asam stearat diproses dengan memperlakukan lemak hewan dengan air pada suhu dan tekanan tinggi. Asam ini dapat pula diperoleh dari hidrogenasi minyak nabati. Dalam bidang industri asam stearat dipakai sebagai bahan pembuatan lilin, sabun, plastik, kosmetika, dan untuk melunakkan karet. Titik lebur asam stearat 69.6 °C dan titik didihnya 361 °C. Reduksi asam stearat menghasilkan stearil alkohol.
- Asam traneksamat merupakan golongan obat anti-fibrinolitik. Obat ini dapat digunakan untuk menghentikan pendarahan pada sejumlah kondisi, misalnya pendarahan pascaoperasi, mimisan, pendarahan akibat menstruasi berlebihan, dan pendarahan pada penderita angio-edema turunan.
- Atenolol is a selective β1 receptor antagonist, a drug belonging to the group of beta blockers (sometimes written β-blockers), a class of drugs used primarily in cardiovascular diseases. Introduced in 1976, atenolol was developed as a replacement for propranolol in the treatment of hypertension. It works by slowing down the heart and reducing its workload. Unlike propranolol, atenolol does not pass through the blood–brain barrier to a large extent thus decreasing the incidence of various central nervous system side effects.
- Avicel ph101 has assigned type, adhesive, water-swelling and other effects, mainly used in pharmaceutical direct compression of the adhesive, disintegrant and filler, mainly for the manufacture of tablets. This product is also a food additive in the food industry as anti-caking agent, dispersant, binder, for butter, ice and cold drinks food products.
- Avobenzone (trade names Parsol 1789, Milestab 1789, Eusolex 9020, Escalol 517 and others, INCI Butyl Methoxydibenzoylmethane) is an oil-soluble ingredient used in sunscreen products to absorb the full spectrum of UVA rays. It is a dibenzoylmethane derivative.
- Azithromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections.[1] This includes middle ear infections, strep throat, pneumonia, traveler's diarrhea, and certain other intestinal infections. It may also be used for a number of sexually transmitted infections including chlamydia and gonorrhea infections. Along with other medications, it may also be used for malaria. It can be taken by mouth or intravenously with doses once per day.
- Azithromycin is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of bacterial infections. It is an azalide, a subclass of macrolide antibiotic. It is derived from erythromycin, with a methyl-substituted nitrogen atom incorporated into the lactone ring, thus making the lactone ring 15-membered. Azithromycin is somewhat more potent against certain bacterial species than erythromycin, but its widespread popularity arises primarily from its slow elimination from the body, which allows many infections to be treated with 3–5 days of once-daily administration, compared to 3-4 times a day for up to two weeks for erythromycin.[1] This antibiotic is widely used alone or in combination with other drugs to treat[2] otitis media, pelvic inflammatory disease, pharyngitis, community-acquired respiratory infections (including pneumonia),[3] gastrointestinal infections[4] (such as those caused by eating contaminated food), and gonorrhea.[5]
- Benzyl alcohol is an aromatic alcohol with the formula C6H5CH2OH. The benzyl group is often abbreviated "Bn" (not to be confused with "Bz" which is used for benzoyl), thus benzyl alcohol is denoted as BnOH. Benzyl alcohol is a colorless liquid with a mild pleasant aromatic odor. It is a useful solvent due to its polarity, low toxicity, and low vapor pressure. Benzyl alcohol is partially soluble in water (4 g/100 mL) and completely miscible in alcohols and diethyl ether. Benzyl alcohol is used as a general solvent for inks, paints, lacquers, and epoxy resin coatings.[6] It is also a precursor to a variety of esters, used in the soap, perfume, and flavor industries. It is also used as a photographic developer.Benzyl alcohol is used as a bacteriostatic preservative at low concentration in intravenous medications, cosmetics and topical drugs.
- Betamethasone Mcr masuk dalam kelompok obat yang disebut steroid. Betamethasone mencegah pelepasan zat di dalam tubuh yang menyebabkan pembengkakan.
- Betamethasone digunakan untuk mengobati banyak kondisi berbeda seperti alergi, sakit kulit, ulcerative kolitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, atau masalah pernapasan.
- Brompheniramine (Bromfed, Dimetapp, Bromfenex, Dimetane, BPN, Lodrane), commonly marketed as its salt brompheniramine maleate, is an antihistamine drug of the propylamine (alkylamine) class. It is readily available over the counter and is indicated for the treatment of the symptoms of the common cold and allergic rhinitis, such as runny nose, itchy eyes, watery eyes, and sneezing. It is a first-generation antihistamine.
- Calcium Carbonate / Kalsium karbonat adalah senyawa kimia dengan rumus kimia CaCO3. Ini adalah zat yang umum ditemukan dibatuan disemua bagian dunia. Merupakan komponen utama dari cangkang organisme laut, siput, mutiara, dan kulit telur. Bentuk yang paling umum alam adalah kapur, dan marmer,diproduksi oleh sedimentasi dari cangkang siput fosil kecil, kerang, dan karang selama jutaan tahun.
- Calcium gluconate is a mineral supplement. It is manufactured by the neutralization of gluconic acid with lime or calcium carbonate. u/ pengobatan hipokalsemia, hiperkalemia, overdosis magnesium sulfat
- Cefadroxil (formerly trademarked as Duricef) is a broad-spectrum antibiotic of the cephalosporin type, effective in Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacterial infections. It is a bactericidal antibiotic. Cefadroxil is a first-generation cephalosporin antibacterial drug that is the para-hydroxy derivative of cefalexin, and is used similarly in the treatment of mild to moderate susceptible infections such as the bacterium Streptococcus pyogenes, causing the disease popularly called strep throat or streptococcal tonsillitis, urinary tract infection, reproductive tract infection, and skin infections.
- Cefixime is a broad spectrum cephalosporin antibiotic and is commonly used to treat bacterial infections of the ear, urinary tract, and upper respiratory tract. The following represents MIC susceptibility data for a few medically significant microorganisms:[2]
- Cefotaxime (INN) /ˌsɛfɵˈtæksiːm/ is a third-generation cephalosporin antibiotic. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, cefotaxime is a broad-spectrum antibiotic with activity against numerous Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.
- Cefpirome is a fourth-generation cephalosporin. Trade names include Cefrom, Keiten, Broact, and Cefir. Cefpirome is considered highly active against Gram-negative bacteria, including Pseudomonas aeruginosa, and Gram-positive bacteria.
- Ceftriaxone (INN) /ˌsɛftraɪˈæksoʊn/ is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is a third-generation cephalosporin. Like other third-generation cephalosporins, it has broad-spectrum activity against Gram-positive bacteria and expanded Gram-negative
- Cellogen CMC has many unique features. An especially important one is the consistency and uniformity from one production lot to the next. This results in a line of CMC products with very tight viscosity ranges, degree of substitution, and particle size for each grade. Cellogen CMC can provide the following functions:
- Cellogen® CMC is a line of high purity sodium carboxymethylcellulose polymers. The "HP" grades of Cellogen CMC meet or exceed all FDA standards for use in foods, pharmaceuticals and cosmetics. Cellogen CMC also has application in textiles, paper, ceramics, animal feed, and building materials.
- Cetyl alcohol was discovered in 1817 by the French chemist Michel Chevreul when he heated spermaceti, a waxy substance obtained from sperm whale oil, with caustic potash (potassium hydroxide). Flakes of cetyl alcohol were left behind on cooling.[3] Cetyl alcohol is used in the cosmetic industry as an opacifier in shampoos, or as an emollient, emulsifier or thickening agent in the manufacture of skin creams and lotions.[4] It is also employed as a lubricant for nuts and bolts.
- Chloramphenicol (INN) is an antibiotic useful for the treatment of a number of bacterial infections. It is a bacteriostatic; it became available in 1949. It is considered a prototypical broad-spectrum antibiotic
- Chlordiazepoxide was the first benzodiazepine to be synthesized and the discovery of chlordiazepoxide was by pure chance.[2] Chlordiazepoxide and other benzodiazepines were initially accepted with widespread public approval but were followed with widespread public disapproval and recommendations for more restrictive medical guidelines for its use.[3] Chlordiazepoxide has a medium to long half-life but its active metabolite has a very long half-life. The drug has amnestic, anticonvulsant, anxiolytic, hypnotic and skeletal muscle relaxant properties.[4]
- Chlordiazepoxide[1] /ˌklɔərdaɪ.əzɨˈpɒksaɪd/, is a sedative/hypnotic drug and benzodiazepine.
- Ciprofloksasin termasuk dalam golongan antibiotik fluorokuinolon yakni antibiotik yang bekerja dengan cara merusak inti sel bakteri sehingga inti sel pecah dan bakteri mati. Ciprofloksasin diindikasikan untuk bakteri-bakteri yang banyak ditemukan di kulit, saluran napas, dan saluran kemih. Selain itu, ciprofloksasin juga baik untuk infeksi saluran pencernaan, paru-paru, dan kelamin.
- Ciprofloxacin Lactate untuk pengobatan infeksi yang disebabkan oleh bakteri yang sensitif terhadap Ciprofloxacin seperti :
- Citicoline (CDP Choline, cytidine diphosphate-choline) is one of the most popular brain supplements available, known to both be highly effective and highly safe
- Clindamycin is an antibiotic that fights bacteria in the body.
- Clobetasol propionate /kloʊˈbeɪtəsɒl/[1] is a corticosteroid of the glucocorticoid class used to treat various skin disorders including eczema and psoriasis. It is also highly effective for contact dermatitis caused by exposure to poison ivy/oak.
- Collagen is the main structural protein of the various connective tissues in animals. As the main component of connective tissue, it is the most abundant protein in mammals, making up from 25% to 35% of the whole-body protein content
- COPPER(II) SULFATE ANHYDROUS SUITABLE FOR USE AS EXCIPIENT EMPROVE EXP PH EUR,BP
- Croscarmellose sodium is an internally cross-linked sodium carboxymethylcellulose for use as a superdisintegrant in pharmaceutical formulations.
- Cyanocobalamin (Vitamin B12) is usually prescribed after surgical removal of part or all of the stomach or intestine to ensure adequate levels of vitamin B12 in the bloodstream. It also is used to treat pernicious anemia, vitamin B12 deficiency (due to low intake from food), thyrotoxicosis, hemorrhage, malignancy, liver disease and kidney disease.
- Desonide adalah nama generik dari-potensi rendah topikal kortikosteroid anti-inflamasi yang telah tersedia sejak 1970-an. Hal ini terutama digunakan untuk mengobati dermatitis atopik ( eksim ), dermatitis seboroik , dermatitis kontak dan psoriasis pada orang dewasa dan anak-anak
- Dexamethasone is a corticosteroid that prevents the release of substances in the body that cause inflammation. Dexamethasone is used to treat many different inflammatory conditions such as allergic disorders, skin conditions, ulcerative colitis, arthritis, lupus, psoriasis, or breathing disorders.
- Dexchlorpheniramine (trade name Polaramine) is an antihistamine with anticholinergic properties used to treat allergic conditions such as hay fever or urticaria.[1][2] It is the pharmacologically active dextrorotatory isomer of chlorpheniramine.
- Diclofenac (INN; see trade names below) is a nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) taken or applied to reduce inflammation and as an analgesic reducing pain in certain conditions.
- Diosmin is semisynthetic drug (modified hesperidin). It is an oral phlebotropic drug used in the treatment of venous disease, i.e., chronic venous insufficiency (CVI) and hemorrhoidal disease (HD), in acute or chronic hemorrhoids, in place of rubber-band ligation, in combination with fiber supplement, or as an adjuvant therapy to hemorrhoidectomy, in order to reduce secondary bleeding. To control internal symptoms of hemorrhoids (piles), it is used with hesperidin.
- Dipotassium phosphate (K2HPO4) (also dipotassium hydrogen orthophosphate; potassium phosphate dibasic) is a highly water-soluble salt which is often used as a fertilizer, food additive and buffering agent. It is a common source of phosphorus and potassium.
- Dipotassium phosphate is a highly water-soluble salt which is often used as a fertilizer, food additive and buffering agent. It is a common source of phosphorus and potassium.
- Disodium phosphate (DSP), or sodium hydrogen phosphate, is the inorganic compound with the formula Na2HPO4. It is one of several sodium phosphates. The salt is known in anhydrous form as well as forms with 2, 7, 8, and 12 hydrates. All are water-soluble white powders; the anhydrous salt being hygroscopic
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